Compare and contrast individualism and individuality Essay

Thoroughly analyze independence and distinction - Essay Example Here, the total of properties are exceptional to a person, where the whole of the qualities recognize an item from others of a similar kind (Oxford English Dictionary). Basically, the root for 'independence' and 'singularity' is person, which shows an element or thought that isn't separable. Albeit the two terms grasp the possibility of connection, the expectations for the two practices are altogether different. While the regulation of 'independence' might be attached to the idea of 'selfishness' (Wikipedia) which presents self-serving propensities, the standard of 'uniqueness' doesn't require the penance of personal responsibility for some other causes. In outline, it tends to be contended that 'independence' is progressively about a way to deal with life where individual advantages are vital and it restricts cooperation where no penance is made. Then again, 'independence' is equipped more towards a personal satisfaction which esteems singular decision and may not so much act naturally serving or generous which at that point makes a specific level of character.

Affirmative Action is Discrimination Essay -- Critical Thinking Essays

The Argument For Stricter Gun Control Laws Essay Example for Free

The Argument For Stricter Gun Control Laws Essay I am composing an enticing contention for stricter firearm control laws. I am extremely enthusiastic about this theme on the grounds that the utilization of guns in an inappropriate hands is a dangerous prescience. It tends to be as youngsters taking a few to get back some composure of a weapon and harming themselves or others, a grown-up with vicious affinities misusing a weapon, or somebody who needs the utilization of a gun in supporting self destruction. At the point when one glances at the expanded episode of injury to kids, manslaughter, and self destruction, it is clear there is a requirement for stricter firearm control laws. This paper contends that guns keep on assuming a predominant job in viciousness both lawbreaker and unplanned paying little mind to laws, for example, the five-day holding up period and the Brady Law. I will demonstrate how simpler access to weapons, instead of forestalling wrongdoing, makes a greater amount of it using models and measurements Those whom are against firearm control laws don't prefer to concede there is a conn ection between access to firearms and savagery. The NRA says firearms dont murder individuals, individuals execute individuals. They will guarantee that the option to remain battle ready for self-protection and social equality would be decreased. Notwithstanding, this view is just uneven and it neglects to address the connection between the responsibility for and the savagery that happens as a result of it. Practically regular we can open up a paper or turn on a national news communicate on the TV and find another instance of somebody being slaughtered by the utilization of a firearm. Maybe it was a youngster whom approached his/her folks firearm they keep in the house for self protective purposes, a grown-up whom was a blameless observer during a working environment slaughter or burglary, a taking shots at a school by an upset child, or a residential question turned destructive. Lamentably, it is uncommon that daily passes by that we don't catch wind of one of the above occasions. Whatever the case might be, it is clear that an excessive number of individuals approach guns and that entrance must be limited. The Brady Campaign is one that implements firearm control laws, chooses professional weapon control open authorities, a nd educates the general population about firearm viciousness. It was established in 1994 and as a result of it, each of the 50 states must do personal investigations on anybody wishing to buy a gun. While this has suppressed some firearm brutality that may have happened something else, there are still an excessive number of who are becoming lost despite a general sense of vigilance. These individual verifications are focusing on an inappropriate people and crooks are as yet ready to get firearms from unlawful sources. Investigate the Virginia Tech slaughter the previous spring. This revived the administrative discussion over weapon control that was never settled from the Columbine secondary acts of mass violence eight years sooner. Many marvel how Cho-Seung Hui had the option to get his hands on incredible programmed weaponry that slaughtered thirty two of his cohorts. This demonstrates the personal investigations performed are lacking and should be increasingly careful. In excess of fifty survivors and relatives of this disaster marked a letter to Congress with one basic message-finish chip away at enactment that could forestall future catastrophes. The thought of increasingly complete personal investigations drives me to another issue that is the abrogation of handguns. A greater number of handguns are utilized in criminal acts than some other sort of gun. The FBI reports that in excess of 60 percent of murders are brought about by firearms and handguns represent 70 percent of these. Lets take a gander at certain situations that come from the absence of access to handguns: Sure, anybody with a propensity for executing could pull out a blade or a polished ash yet the casualty has much better possibility of endurance. The probability of injury and not demise are a lot more prominent as the casualty might have the option to escape. The following situation are home thefts. The greater part of these happen with the tenants are out of the house so the re quirement for a firearm inside the house is pointless. In the event that there is a weapon within the home, the culprit will seize it alongside different assets, in this way setting it in the hands of criminal for future abuse. Roughly 40 percent of handguns utilized in violations are taken out of homes of reputable residents whom had weapons for their own security. In the event that handgun makers were severely limited and just permitted to offer to police, our condition would be a lot more secure. Less crooks would approach them if the offer of handguns to common residents were banned. They couldn't acquire them by method of taking and their unlawful underground system would be hampered. If this somehow happened to happen, those perilous individuals would not have the chance to become lost despite a general sense of vigilance and take a few to get back some composure of a weapon. The final product would be less rough violations and less wounds and additionally passings identified with these wrongdoings. Numerous states in the United States have option to convey laws that permit residents to convey covered handguns in the event that they are qualified. Capability incorporates a perfect criminal history, age limitations, and finishing a guns wellbeing course. In 1986 just nine states had that law and starting at 1998, 31 states have option to-co nvey laws. Half of the residents of the U.S. live in those states. This will cause just more brutality as columnist Philip Cook states on the off chance that you bring a firearm into a savage experience, it expands the odds that somebody will bite the dust. At long last, the thought of viciousness in self-protection will just make more savagery. It is thus that not exclusively should handguns themselves be annihilated from the hands of the overall population, yet they ought to never be permitted to do in broad daylight. The Constitution promises us the option to carry weapons. The Second Amendment in the Bill of Rights expresses: A very much managed local army being important to the security of a free State, the privilege of the individuals to keep and remain battle ready will not be encroached. Our establishing fathers who created the Constitution were absolutely mindful of the British endeavors to incapacitate the pilgrims and accepted a local army was important to protect majority rules system. Nonetheless, in the current day, proprietors of handguns are not individuals from a local army endeavoring to battle a domineering force or abuse. Any kind of firearm that can be hidden ought to be annulled from the hands of conventional residents and just positioned in the hands of the people of our police power whom are prepared experts. This will de-underscore the utilization of another trademark If weapons are banned, just criminals will have firearms. It just won't be the situation as long as just the individuals who are real defenders of society are the main individuals who approach them. WORKS CITED Agresti, James D. Weapon Control. Just Facts Foundation. 10 June 1999. 20 October 2007. www.justfacts.com. Desuka, Nan. Why Handguns Must Be Outlawed.. Current Issues and Enduring Questions. Boston: Bedford, 1993. Cassidy, J. Warren. The Case For Firearms. Current Issues and Enduring Questions. Boston: Bedford, 1993. Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence. Groups of Virginia Tech Victims and Survivors Call on U.S. Senate to Strengthen Brady Background Checks. 21 October 2007. www.handguncontrol.org

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

A dangerous atmospheric devation - Essay Example The earth’s air contains follow gases whose reason for existing is to forestall a portion of the warmth of the sun to escape into the environment when it is reflected by the Earth. This aides keeping up a specific level of satisfactory temperature on the Earth. At the point when these gases ascend in fixation, they begin retaining sun’s heat which brings about ascent in temperature to an inadmissible degree. Because of the ascent in temperature, a great part of the living beings are influenced the majority of which bite the dust. The convergence of gases happens, for instance, by the arrival of gases like CO2 in the environment through regular procedures and furthermore by enterprises and production lines that consume petroleum derivatives. â€Å"Around the world, the Earths normal temperature has risen more than 1 degree Fahrenheit (0.8 degrees Celsius) in the course of the only remaining century, and about twice that in parts of the Arctic† (National Geographic Society, para.2). People are the most significant partners of a worldwide temperature alteration. They should comprehend that their networks are in question because of sudden ascent in ocean level, enormous tempests and typhoons, and warmth and cold waves. For instance, the year 2007 acquired most noticeably awful floods the historical backdrop of numerous nations like Malaysia, UK, North Korea, and other African nations. Pakistan saw the most noticeably terrible flood in 2010 that took a great many lives and took the safe house of thousands of individuals. After individuals, the following significant partners are the creatures and plants. Consequently, a dangerous atmospheric devation is turning into a major issue, as indicated by 3,146 atmosphere specialists (CNN World). Organizations are the main partners that won't make developments against the worldwide outfitting issue to such an extent that they will even attempt to stop the diminishing in an unnatural weather change. This is on the grounds that organizations will in general run such plants and ventures that produce CO2 into the air and no business would need to end his business. Be that as it may, not all organizations work as such. For instance, FedEx is such

The Janjaweed of Darfur :: essays research papers

The a large number of displaced people because of viciousness in Sudan have been created by the Janjaweed.The word Janjaweed is a term that is utilized to depict certain equipped shooters in Darfur. The word Janjaweed signifies 'a man with a firearm on a pony'. The janjaweed are a military framed of men from clans in Darfur and Chad that have gotten notorious because of their inclinations to be supremacist, assault, and slaughter. The Janjaweed are a gathering who are against African ranchers who have settled in Darfur.The janjaweed is comprised of Sudanese and Chadian pony riding travelers. The janjaweed civilian armies are known to assault in enormous numbers on camels and horseback. The janjaweed push individuals from their property, regularly towards town focuses. The janjaweed have created throughout the years, presently having increasingly modern weapons yet similar beliefs. The janjaweed were first shaped in 1988 after the Chadian president crushed the Libyan armed force. This finished regional structures on Chad. By 2006 numerous Janjaweed have joined the Sudan Armed Forces. Numerous world heads accept that the Janjaweed killings in Darfur are viewed as massacre. The janjaweed volunteer army has slaughtered around 450,000 regular citizens over the span of 3 years. The UN Security Council concluded that they need the Janjaweed incapacitated. Casually, the Janjaweed were made to run the non-Arabs out of the nation. Janjaweed have additionally been known to take dairy cattle from non-Arab ranches. The Janjaweed were a civilian army that was endured by the Sudanese government in the endeavors to control land. It has been said that the Sudanese government framed the Janjaweed yet they deny this, saying they just shaped self-preservation armed forces after they were assaulted. In spite of the fact that, the Sudanese government did in reality utilize the Janjaweed at once or another to ensure and serve Sudan. After the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) assaulted the Sudanese government, they furnished the Janjaweed and sent them to counterattack. The Janjaweed executed a ?seared earth? assault meaning they crushed everything helpful to their foe and executed numerous individuals.

Finding a Service Writing College That Suits Your Needs

Finding a Service Writing College That Suits Your NeedsOnline service writing college papers, for those who are just getting started in the world of academic writing, is an important aspect of the process. However, being able to get your college papers written by a top-notch writer can make all the difference in the world.People often compare the process of writing a paper to playing the piano; in order to be a great musician or composer, one must train their hand and fingers or improve their student's ability. Similarly, you must learn how to write. The same is true for good college students.Many students find it difficult to write because they never have had formal training in this area. Some may feel that writing college papers is not part of their educational experience. While there are other students who have taken their education seriously, yet many don't have any written work done during their school career.Fortunately, if you are just beginning at college, you will likely be in a program that does not require you to complete high school courses. However, as you progress in your college career, this may change. If you want to become a better writer, don't fret, there are many options available to you.For example, many people can find specific online service writing colleges that are dedicated to preparing you for the job you want. While you would normally be assigned an English teacher, the programs that specialize in writing service tend to function in a similar manner. What you will be required to do is sit down with your instructor and plan a reading assignment, and then write an essay about the topic, often using your ideas.Another option, which will greatly enhance your skills as a writer, is to look for excellent online service writing colleges. While there are no requirements for reading material, students will need to write creatively. They will also be required to complete a number of tasks, and these can range from reading assignments to resear ch, to college assignments and presentations.Before choosing a particular service writing program, always ensure that you are aware of the level of instruction required for each assignment. Different programs may have different levels of experience required for each level of reading assignment, so look carefully to make sure you will be able to complete the assignment successfully.Because a student's need for writing and comprehension will vary, what is required in one course may not be needed in another. Moreover, a student should select a program that meets their personal needs, and that is going to provide them with the most direct and effective instruction. While we recommend finding an online service for writing college that offers an extensive program, any number of programs that focus on different writing skills can be found online.

Business Strategy of Airtel Bharti Essay - 2475 Words

Business Strategy of Airtel Bharti (Essay Sample) Content: America's HistoryNameÂCourseProfessorUniversity StateDateCompanyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s OverviewAirtel Bharti is an Indian public limited telecommunication company headquartered in New Delhi and has been in business since July 7, 1995. Airtel is the largest mobile telephony provider in India and third largest telecom provider in the world. It is the 5th largest mobile operator in the world in term of subscribers with about 243.3 million subscribers as of February 2012. In India alone, Airtel has over Airtel has 177.95 million subscribers. The company operates in 20 countries across Asia and Africa (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 5).Besides the mobile telephony services, Airtel also provides broadband and subscription television services. All Airtel telecom services are offered under the "Airtel" brand name with Sunil Bharti Mittal being the Chairman and CEO of the company. Airtel acts as national and international carrier of long distance communication services. The company operate in three geographical regions namely; the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India and Sri-Lanka), Airtel Africa in 17 African countries and in the British crown dependency islands using the Airtel-Vodafone brand name (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 5).External AnalysisThis section uses Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Five Forces Model to analyse the external threats that Bharti Airtel faces. The Porter five forces analysis framework suggests five forces that determine the industry profitability, competitive intensity, new entrants, substitute products, buyers and suppliers to establish the attractiveness of a market. These array of factors influences a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s market operation directly and how it responds to the competitive forces in the industry (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 8). The opportunity for a better performance is greater when the five forces are weaker within the industry.Demographic EnvironmentDemographic environment refers to population elements such as gender, age, ethnic background, sex, race and social class. These is one of the forces that has impacted strongly on the company. Existence of large readily available professionals in India, a fast growing literacy rate and a huge population of youths in the country makes it favorable for a mobile industry to foster (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 8). Airtel has however always targeted the entire population unlike new entrants that mainly target the youth population. It does not discriminate it customers based on the income as it has schemes to accommodate customers of all class levels.Economic EnvironmentThese factors mainly include market growth, inflation rates and interest rates. These are the factors that affects on business operations of Airtel and the decision making processes of the company. India is a developing country with a GDP growth rate of 7 percent annually. This creates a good opportunity for international market players to invest in the Indian market (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 10). This growth has particularly been stim ulated by the development of manufacturing sector and the growth of service sector in the country. Economic is therefore a very fit factor for mobile industry to explore and prosper in India.Political and Legal EnvironmentPolitical factors refers to the extent in which the government supports the various industries and the economy of a country. Recent policy reforms in India demonstrates that the country supports telecom industry. The most notable ones being in January 2010 when the government proposed on waivering the license fees of telecom sector in the rural areas.2009 there was a proposal to regulate on quality services for the telecom industry, regulation on interconnection for broadcasting sector and interconnection usage regulation among others (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 12). Each year since 2002, the government has continually reformed on the telecom sector by proposal and implementation of policies that favor the sector.Technical EnvironmentTechnical environment includes techni cal aspects such as automation, RD and technological rate at the changes in technology. These are important factors in terms of eliminating barriers for entry. Technological shifts also affects costs, quality and leads to innovation (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 15). The telecom industry in India offers a good opportunity for foreign investors in other areas such as 3G, virtual private networks, Value Added Services (VAS) among others. The diagram 1 below summarizes the technological environment in India in a graphical format.Internal AnalysisSWOT Analysis Bharti AirtelThe Bharti Airtel Limited SWOT analysis profile the crucial source of data and information for the top level management in their decision making processes. The Bharti Airtel Limited SWOT analysis is used to examine the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s key business operations and its business structure. In addition, it also examines the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s history and products and then provide a summary of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s revenue lines and strategies.StrengthsLeadership-The guidance team comprises of 12 senior leaders who are a positive role models for the company. The guidance team is responsible for communication of the Airtelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s vision and values to the new employee recruitments, leading the company operations and departmental tasks and continuous reinforcement and monitoring of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s values by all employees (John et al. 2011 p34). The general manger is responsible for communicating and energizing Airtelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s values to the junior staff. * Pan Indian Presence- Bharti Airtel currently has over 265 million customers as of February 2012. Being the largest cellular services provider in India and other broadband and telephone supplies, this is one of the strengths of the company. In addition, Airtel has strategic alliances with other major stakeholders including Sony-Ericsson, Sing Tel and Nokia with whom they partner. This means that Bharti Airtel has access to advanced techno logy from other telecommunications leading companies. Having covered the entire Indian market with its network, the company has fortified its customer base even further.Weaknesses * Untapped Rural Market. Even though Airtel is the largest mobile telephony provider in India, there are still a lot of untapped rural market. This has made it to be a strength for Airtelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s competitors such as the Reliance which are trying to make a foothold in that market before Airtel. However, the partnership with IFFCO in their attempts to penetrate the rural market is a good starting point for Airtel(John et al. 2011 p35). * Price Wars-Towards the end of 2010 and in the beginning of 2011 Airtel drained heavily due to slashing of price tariffs to no-profit levels in the industry by their rival companies. Airtel and Vodafone along with Idea increased their rates to make profit. This affected the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s base for these companies but at the end of the year it was established that a significant number of customers had reverted to Airtel due to their commendable network quality. The rival companies such as DoCoMo have also improved on their network quality which makes it a strength for them and a weakness for Airtel.Opportunities * Bharti Airtel possesses a customized Google version of its search engine which has a great potential to enhance the broadband services to its customers. The association with Google will provide advertising opportunities the Airtel brand. * Global telecommunications networks recognizes Airtel as the key strategic company with whom they can partner with in the Indian market. This has resulted to partnership deals with such companies as BlackBerry Wireless Solutions where new iPhone was launched in India market via the Airtel distributorship. * The company does not discriminate its customers in terms of their income ability. The company has an ongoing project where it invests its operation in 100,000 to 160,000 small villages every year (John et al. 2011 p33). * The joint venture with Vodafone Essar and Idea Cellular is aimed at creating a new independent tower company with the brand name Indus Towers. This new commerce is expected to control over 60% of India's network towers.Threats * Airtel and Vodafone on and off relationship saw Vodafone with a 5.6% stake in the Airtel business break the tie and re-invest the same percentage to Airtelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s main rival Hutchison Essar which is a threat as Vodafone transfers the Knowledge and technology previously in the hands of Airtel to its competitors. * Bharti Airtel is a potential target company for the takeover vision by other global telecommunications companies who have an interest into the Indian market.Conclusion from the SWOT Analysisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Bharti Airtel is the most successful telephony brand in India having the largest market share.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Bharti Airtel business success in India is based on three pillars à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ connectivity, innovation and affordability.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The core of its success is connectivity i.e. the network.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rarely promotes its product by celebrities.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Post-paid services is cheaper than the pre-paid services.VRIO frameworkVRIO framework is used to find out the competitive advantage where the identified companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s key components help identify in what ways that the company have a competitive advantage over its competitors. Resources Valuable exploited by Bharti Airtel company are; Technology, Brand value, Location, Price, Experience, Diversification and Advertisement.However, of the above value resources, with VRIO framework, I have identified that Acquisitions Joint ventures with prominent overseas companies and outsourcing is its main competitive advantages (Czinkota Ronkainen 2010 P177).Bhartià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Resources Valuab... Business Strategy of Airtel Bharti Essay - 2475 Words Business Strategy of Airtel Bharti (Essay Sample) Content: America's HistoryNameÂCourseProfessorUniversity StateDateCompanyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s OverviewAirtel Bharti is an Indian public limited telecommunication company headquartered in New Delhi and has been in business since July 7, 1995. Airtel is the largest mobile telephony provider in India and third largest telecom provider in the world. It is the 5th largest mobile operator in the world in term of subscribers with about 243.3 million subscribers as of February 2012. In India alone, Airtel has over Airtel has 177.95 million subscribers. The company operates in 20 countries across Asia and Africa (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 5).Besides the mobile telephony services, Airtel also provides broadband and subscription television services. All Airtel telecom services are offered under the "Airtel" brand name with Sunil Bharti Mittal being the Chairman and CEO of the company. Airtel acts as national and international carrier of long distance communication services. The company operate in three geographical regions namely; the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India and Sri-Lanka), Airtel Africa in 17 African countries and in the British crown dependency islands using the Airtel-Vodafone brand name (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 5).External AnalysisThis section uses Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Five Forces Model to analyse the external threats that Bharti Airtel faces. The Porter five forces analysis framework suggests five forces that determine the industry profitability, competitive intensity, new entrants, substitute products, buyers and suppliers to establish the attractiveness of a market. These array of factors influences a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s market operation directly and how it responds to the competitive forces in the industry (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 8). The opportunity for a better performance is greater when the five forces are weaker within the industry.Demographic EnvironmentDemographic environment refers to population elements such as gender, age, ethnic background, sex, race and social class. These is one of the forces that has impacted strongly on the company. Existence of large readily available professionals in India, a fast growing literacy rate and a huge population of youths in the country makes it favorable for a mobile industry to foster (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 8). Airtel has however always targeted the entire population unlike new entrants that mainly target the youth population. It does not discriminate it customers based on the income as it has schemes to accommodate customers of all class levels.Economic EnvironmentThese factors mainly include market growth, inflation rates and interest rates. These are the factors that affects on business operations of Airtel and the decision making processes of the company. India is a developing country with a GDP growth rate of 7 percent annually. This creates a good opportunity for international market players to invest in the Indian market (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 10). This growth has particularly been stim ulated by the development of manufacturing sector and the growth of service sector in the country. Economic is therefore a very fit factor for mobile industry to explore and prosper in India.Political and Legal EnvironmentPolitical factors refers to the extent in which the government supports the various industries and the economy of a country. Recent policy reforms in India demonstrates that the country supports telecom industry. The most notable ones being in January 2010 when the government proposed on waivering the license fees of telecom sector in the rural areas.2009 there was a proposal to regulate on quality services for the telecom industry, regulation on interconnection for broadcasting sector and interconnection usage regulation among others (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 12). Each year since 2002, the government has continually reformed on the telecom sector by proposal and implementation of policies that favor the sector.Technical EnvironmentTechnical environment includes techni cal aspects such as automation, RD and technological rate at the changes in technology. These are important factors in terms of eliminating barriers for entry. Technological shifts also affects costs, quality and leads to innovation (Bharti Airtel 2014 p 15). The telecom industry in India offers a good opportunity for foreign investors in other areas such as 3G, virtual private networks, Value Added Services (VAS) among others. The diagram 1 below summarizes the technological environment in India in a graphical format.Internal AnalysisSWOT Analysis Bharti AirtelThe Bharti Airtel Limited SWOT analysis profile the crucial source of data and information for the top level management in their decision making processes. The Bharti Airtel Limited SWOT analysis is used to examine the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s key business operations and its business structure. In addition, it also examines the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s history and products and then provide a summary of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s revenue lines and strategies.StrengthsLeadership-The guidance team comprises of 12 senior leaders who are a positive role models for the company. The guidance team is responsible for communication of the Airtelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s vision and values to the new employee recruitments, leading the company operations and departmental tasks and continuous reinforcement and monitoring of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s values by all employees (John et al. 2011 p34). The general manger is responsible for communicating and energizing Airtelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s values to the junior staff. * Pan Indian Presence- Bharti Airtel currently has over 265 million customers as of February 2012. Being the largest cellular services provider in India and other broadband and telephone supplies, this is one of the strengths of the company. In addition, Airtel has strategic alliances with other major stakeholders including Sony-Ericsson, Sing Tel and Nokia with whom they partner. This means that Bharti Airtel has access to advanced techno logy from other telecommunications leading companies. Having covered the entire Indian market with its network, the company has fortified its customer base even further.Weaknesses * Untapped Rural Market. Even though Airtel is the largest mobile telephony provider in India, there are still a lot of untapped rural market. This has made it to be a strength for Airtelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s competitors such as the Reliance which are trying to make a foothold in that market before Airtel. However, the partnership with IFFCO in their attempts to penetrate the rural market is a good starting point for Airtel(John et al. 2011 p35). * Price Wars-Towards the end of 2010 and in the beginning of 2011 Airtel drained heavily due to slashing of price tariffs to no-profit levels in the industry by their rival companies. Airtel and Vodafone along with Idea increased their rates to make profit. This affected the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s base for these companies but at the end of the year it was established that a significant number of customers had reverted to Airtel due to their commendable network quality. The rival companies such as DoCoMo have also improved on their network quality which makes it a strength for them and a weakness for Airtel.Opportunities * Bharti Airtel possesses a customized Google version of its search engine which has a great potential to enhance the broadband services to its customers. The association with Google will provide advertising opportunities the Airtel brand. * Global telecommunications networks recognizes Airtel as the key strategic company with whom they can partner with in the Indian market. This has resulted to partnership deals with such companies as BlackBerry Wireless Solutions where new iPhone was launched in India market via the Airtel distributorship. * The company does not discriminate its customers in terms of their income ability. The company has an ongoing project where it invests its operation in 100,000 to 160,000 small villages every year (John et al. 2011 p33). * The joint venture with Vodafone Essar and Idea Cellular is aimed at creating a new independent tower company with the brand name Indus Towers. This new commerce is expected to control over 60% of India's network towers.Threats * Airtel and Vodafone on and off relationship saw Vodafone with a 5.6% stake in the Airtel business break the tie and re-invest the same percentage to Airtelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s main rival Hutchison Essar which is a threat as Vodafone transfers the Knowledge and technology previously in the hands of Airtel to its competitors. * Bharti Airtel is a potential target company for the takeover vision by other global telecommunications companies who have an interest into the Indian market.Conclusion from the SWOT Analysisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Bharti Airtel is the most successful telephony brand in India having the largest market share.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Bharti Airtel business success in India is based on three pillars à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ connectivity, innovation and affordability.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The core of its success is connectivity i.e. the network.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rarely promotes its product by celebrities.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Post-paid services is cheaper than the pre-paid services.VRIO frameworkVRIO framework is used to find out the competitive advantage where the identified companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s key components help identify in what ways that the company have a competitive advantage over its competitors. Resources Valuable exploited by Bharti Airtel company are; Technology, Brand value, Location, Price, Experience, Diversification and Advertisement.However, of the above value resources, with VRIO framework, I have identified that Acquisitions Joint ventures with prominent overseas companies and outsourcing is its main competitive advantages (Czinkota Ronkainen 2010 P177).Bhartià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Resources Valuab...

Biography of Benito Juárez, Mexicos Liberal Reformer

Benito Juà ¡rez  (March 21, 1806–July 18, 1872) was a Mexican politician and statesman of the late 19th century and president of Mexico for five terms during the turbulent years of 1858–1872. Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of Juà ¡rez’s life in politics was his background: he was a full-blooded native of Zapotec descent and the only full-blooded native to ever serve as president of Mexico. He did not even speak Spanish until he was in his teens. He was an important and charismatic leader whose influence is still felt today. Fast Facts: Benito Juarez Known For: First Mexican president of full Mexican heritageAlso Known As: Benito Pablo Juà ¡rez Garcà ­aBorn: March 21, 1806 in  San Pablo Guelatao, MexicoParents: Brà ­gida Garcà ­a and Marcelino Juà ¡rezEducation:   Oaxaca Institute of Arts and SciencesDied: July 18, 1872  in Mexico City, MexicoAwards and Honors:  Namesake for many roads and schools as well as the Mexico City airportSpouse: Margarita Maza  Children: 12 with Margarita Maza; 2 with Juana Rosa ChagoyaNotable Quote: Among individuals, as among nations, respect for the rights of others is peace. Early Years Born on March 21, 1806, into grinding poverty in the rural hamlet of San Pablo Guelatao, Juà ¡rez was orphaned as a toddler and worked in the fields for most of his young life. He went to the city of Oaxaca at the age of 12 to live with his sister and worked as a servant for a time before being noticed by Antonio Salanueva, a Franciscan friar. Salanueva saw him as a potential priest and arranged for Juà ¡rez to enter the Santa Cruz seminary, where young Benito learned Spanish and law before graduating in 1827. He continued his education, entering the Institute of Science and Art  and graduating in 1834 with a law degree. 1834–1854: His Political Career Begins Even before his graduation in 1834, Juà ¡rez was involved in local politics, serving as a city councilman in Oaxaca, where he earned a reputation as a staunch defender of native rights. He was made a judge in 1841 and became known as a fiercely anti-clerical liberal. By 1847 he had been elected governor of the state of Oaxaca. The United States and Mexico were at war from 1846 to 1848, although Oaxaca was nowhere near the fighting. During his tenure as governor, Juà ¡rez angered conservatives by passing laws allowing for the confiscation of church funds and lands. After the end of the war with the United States, former President Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna had been driven from Mexico. In 1853, however, he returned and quickly set up a conservative government that drove many liberals into exile, including Juà ¡rez. Juà ¡rez spent time in Cuba and New Orleans, where he worked in a cigarette factory. While in New Orleans, he joined with other exiles to plot Santa Anna’s downfall. When the liberal general Juan Alvarez launched a coup, Juarez hurried back  and was there in November 1854 when Alvarez’s forces captured the capital. Alvarez made himself president and named Juà ¡rez the minister of justice. 1854–1861: Conflict Brewing The liberals had the upper hand for the moment, but their ideological conflict with conservatives continued to smolder. As minister of justice, Juà ¡rez passed laws limiting church power, and in 1857 a new constitution was passed, which limited that power even further. By then, Juà ¡rez was in Mexico City, serving in his new role as chief justice of the Supreme Court. The new constitution turned out to be the spark that reignited the smoking fires of conflict between the liberals and conservatives, and in December 1857, conservative general Fà ©lix Zuloaga overthrew the Alvarez government. Juà ¡rez and other prominent liberals were arrested. Released from prison, Juà ¡rez went to Guanajuato, where he declared himself president and declared war. The two governments led by Juà ¡rez and Zuloaga were sharply divided, mostly over the role of religion in government. Juà ¡rez worked to further limit the powers of the church during the conflict. The U.S. government, forced to pick a side, formally recognized the liberal Juà ¡rez government in 1859. This turned the tide in favor of the liberals, and on Jan. 1, 1861, Juà ¡rez returned to Mexico City to assume the presidency of a united Mexico. European Intervention After the disastrous reform war, Mexico and its economy were in tatters. The nation still owed great sums of money to foreign nations, and in late 1861, Britain, Spain, and France united to send troops to Mexico to collect. Intense, last-minute negotiations convinced the British and Spanish to withdraw, but the French remained  and began fighting their way to the capital, which they reached in 1863. They were welcomed by conservatives, who had been out of power since Juà ¡rez’s return. Juà ¡rez and his government were forced to flee. The French invited Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph, a 31-year-old Austrian nobleman, to come to Mexico and assume rule. In this, they had the support of many Mexican conservatives, who thought that a monarchy would best stabilize the country. Maximilian and his wife Carlota arrived in 1864, where they were crowned emperor and empress of Mexico. Juà ¡rez continued the war with the French and conservative forces, eventually forcing the emperor to flee the capital. Maximilian was captured and executed in 1867, effectively ending the French occupation. Death Juà ¡rez was reelected to the presidency in 1867 and 1871, but he did not live to finish his last term. He was felled by a heart attack while working at his desk on July 18, 1872. Legacy Today, Mexicans view Juà ¡rez much like some Americans see Abraham Lincoln: he was a firm leader when his nation needed one and took a side on a social issue that drove his nation to war. There is a city (Ciudad Juà ¡rez) named after him, as well as countless streets, schools, businesses, and more. He is held in particularly high regard by Mexico’s considerable indigenous population, which rightly views him as a trailblazer in native rights and justice. Sources Gonzalez Navarro, Moises. Benito Juarez. Mexico City: El Colegio de Mexico, 2006.Hammett, Brian. Juà ¡rez. Profiles in Power.  Longman Press, 1994. Ridley, Jasper. Maximilian Juarez. Phoenix Press, 2001.

The Organizational Strategy Of Apple - 1383 Words

Apple employs the P-O-L-C framework to develop and implement its strategy rather than the S.W.O.T. model. The P-O-L-C model has four components, namely planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The planning component constitutes the strategy formulation aspect, while the organizing, leading and controlling aspects constitute the strategy implementation aspect. The organizational strategy of Apple, which is a manifestation of its mission and vision statement, is anchored on innovativeness and articulated in the slogan – think different. Through thorough planning, the company can articulate its mission and vision, and strategies on the innovations it needs to undertake at different times. Thereafter meticulous organization, leadership and control are used to implement the strategy, leading to long product development cycles. 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The Religion Of The Hajj - 1734 Words

Throughout time, many aspects of life have changed in drastic ways. One common thing around the world, no matter where you are, that has evolved is over time is religion. One religion that has changed has been Islam. Something that unites all Muslims is a common belief they have; The Five Pillars. These Pillars allow the Muslim community to become one regardless of their social statue. One of the most changed of these would be the Pilgrimage to Mecca. Also known as the Hajj, â€Å" Every adult Muslim who if physically and financially able is expected to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia at least once in his or her lifetime.† (Wired.com) In the pre modern time, it was a very dangerous journey to perform the Hajj. Many thought†¦show more content†¦This caused an increase in the total population of Muslims. This also caused a mass increase in the number of Muslims that participated in the Hajj every year. Another problem that modernity presented to the Haj j was the constant fighting that was going on in the areas where Islam was dominant. Although there are more Muslims in Southeast Asia, the Middle East’s population is 91% Muslim. Even though majority of the citizens in this region practice the same religion, they are often very different. These differences of Islam caused fighting and warfare all over the Middle East, and made traveling through these regions very different. Today, many of the same problems apply. One of the biggest problems that the Muslim community had pertaining to the Hajj was the massive amount of people who attended each year. In 1941, there were about 24,000 pilgrims from countries other than Saudi Arabia. In 2013, there were 1,379,500 international pilgrims that took the pilgrimage and about 800,000 Saudi Arabians took the Hajj. Combined, over 2 million pilgrims traveled to Mecca in 2013 for the Hajj. This causes many problems for the city of Mecca. Mecca has a population of about 1.6 million resident s, over the 5 days of the Hajj, their city holds over two times as many people as it does the rest of the year. This overpopulation causes chaos throughout the entire city as pilgrims try to visit.

Crime in the Information Age free essay sample

Its not difficult to gauge what the popular notions of crime in the United States are. Engage in any polite conversation over dinner or cocktails and one is likely to hear similar themes: crime is out of control, its just not the same world we grew up in, its not safe to walk down the street anymore, its a mean world out there, etc. The underlying theme that can be drawn from these notions is fear. There is a widespread conception that crime is a rampant problem in this country and that violent crime and others are on the rise. However, these beliefs are not supported at all by the facts, even those put forth by our own law enforcement agencies. So why then, are most Americans so concerned with the threat of violent crime in particular? While the answer to this question is a complex one involving many contributors, the focus of this essay is concerned with the impact of popular media on these perceptions, because the media, it would seem, is one of the most influential contributors to the social construction of crime in this country. The coverage of crime, and particularly violent crime, in the news media has increased in frequency of coverage and sensationalized reporting despite statistical proof that violent crime has been decreasing for many years. This phenomenon is of great concern because how we arrive at our perceptions of our world should be critically examined so policy solutions react to truth not manipulated reality. As of 2001 homicides made up one to two-tenths of one percent of all arrests, yet made up 27-29% of crime coverage on the nightly news (Dorfman and Schiraldi). Still one of the most shocking statistics from Dorfman and Schiraldis study states that, Crime coverage has increased while real crime rates have fallen. While homicide coverage was increasing on the network news by 473% from 1990 to 1998, homicide arrests dropped 32. 9% from 1990 to 1998. We can see one indication of the effects of this unrealistic reporting in 1994 when, for example, in a Washington Post/ABC poll respondents named crime as their number one concern (far more than any other issue) with 65 percent of those who responded as such saying that they learned about this issue from the media (Jackson and Naureckas). The fact is, however, that violent crime has been on the decrease for roughly thirteen years and is estimated to be at a roughly thirty year low (U. S. Department of Justice). The following graph rom the De partment of Justice shows a dramatic decrease in the rates of violent crime beginning in the early nineties: ? The National Criminal Victimization Survey, which is conducted differently than the more common Uniform Crime Reports, shows a decrease in violent as well as property crimes in the United States for more than a decade (qtd. in Torny 118). The evidence seems to be overwhelming; no matter what the method used for measuring crime rates there is an obvious decrease in crime, especially with respect to violent crime in the United States. These are just a couple of the statistics researchers and academics have compiled over recent years addressing the discrepancy between media coverage of crime and actual crime statistics. So in light of these multiple studies using different methods, how and why is it that media coverage of violent crime has grown exponentially? Surette explains that crime is both an individual and cultural product (237). There is a correlation between media consumption and support for more harsh criminal justice policies and perceptions of the mean-world view (Surette 196). This supports the theory that the more news a person consumes, particularly television news, the less they know about the actual state of the world. Surette explains that while the media certainly does have an impact it is not the only factor in creating this culture of the fear of crime and impacts those who live in a more isolated environment and consume higher levels of media (200). He also notes that research suggests that those who watch a good deal of television have trouble differentiating between the television world and the real world (204). The media has a relationship with fear that can correlate with fear fore some viewers (Surette 206). One example of this relationship with fear that the media seems to have can be found in a 1994 article in US News and World Report where the authors, despite noting briefly that violent crime by all statistical accounts is actually down, names the previous year as the scariest year in American history seeming to assert that the numbers dont matter (Jackson and Naureckas). The article also makes a good point about the contradiction between perceptions of crime and the reality of crime: the drumbeat of news coverage [that] has made it seem that America is in the midst of its worst epidemic of violence ever. That sense is not supported by the numbers (Jackson and Naureckas). Throughout the rest of the article similar contradictions abound and it is difficult to tell exactly what conclusion should be drawn from it. The causes of crime, as with most crime reporting, are not dealt with in the article while random violence is examined closely (Jackson and Naureckas). Most violent crime is perpetrated by someone whom the victim knows yet the theme of random violence receives much more attention in the media (Jackson and Naureckas). The US News piece illustrates how the media engages in a form of doublethink where despite knowledge of factual evidence indicating a decrease in crime they continue to put forth images that depict violent crime as an epidemic and continue to support perceptions of fear, distrust, and cynicism. This fear mongering often plays into preconceived notions of crime and violence such as racism, ageism, and classism held by some. A 2001 study by Dorfman and Schiraldi found that crimes against African Americans were underrepresented in reporting and overrepresented as perpetrators, white victims tended to receive more lengthy coverage as well. In Los Angeles television news African Americans were 22% more likely to be shown on TV committing violent crimes than non-violent ones despite the fact that arrest reports indicate that African Americans in Los Angeles commit both types of crime almost equally (Dorfman and Schiraldi). The study also shows how youths are also disproportionately covered: 7 out of 10 local TV news stories dealing with violent crime in California had youths as the perpetrators despite the fact that youths commit only 14. 4% of violent crime in that state. Furthermore, half of the stories dealing with minors for any reason involved violence even though only 2% (though due to unreported crimes the actual number may be higher) of California youths have been victims or perpetrators of violent crime (Drofman and Schiraldi). The study also found by looking at news reports over the last decade that in Hawaii there has bee a 30 fold increase in the number of youth crime stories despite a steady decrease in youth crime over that same time period. This increased focus on youth crimes has led to increased support for treating juvenile offenders as adults and, especially in instances of more serious crimes, applying the same retributive punishments previously not applied to young offenders (Glassner 73). These findings show how not only are the medias sensationalized reporting of crime contributing to a false sense or reality for many people, but are also einforcing stereotypes and bigotry. Utilizing these preconceived ideas also intensifies the impact of fear based coverage. This sense of fear that the media is able to conjure up in certain situations can easily be manipulated by politicians and policymakers looking to gain some support. According to Glassner, the more fearful people are of crime the more lik ely they are to support more punitive justice systems instead of rehabilitation programs. This is especially true with respect to juvenile offenders (72). Glassner further argues that it is interesting that as we cut into funding for educational, medical, and antipoverty programs we begin to grow more concerned about crime and there seems to be what he calls unacknowledged guilt about why crime now seems inevitable (72). While the media is often the target of criticism and blame it has been argued that largely the media mirrors public opinion and can be controlled by it (Gans 76). There is evidence however that particularly brutal crimes or large amounts of coverage of crime can shift public opinion somewhat. For example, polls show an increase in support for the death penalty following news of horrifying crimes (Gans 76). Gans believes that despite the fact that the news media is often thought of as having more power than it actually does it may have long-term effects on public opinion (88). So, even though the media of course cannot shift public opinion overnight in the long run a shift in coverage of sensationalized crime coverage can have long lasting effects of the political climate around crime policy. If the tone of the media is largely controlled by previously held notions of media consumers then how might the news media correct the public when its beliefs are erroneous? Chiricos examines the effect of moral panics which something or someone becomes defined as a threat to societal values or norms (2). Moral panics are signaled by a rapid increase in the volume of media reporting and are often followed by political action as the public feels that something must be done (Chiricos 60). Every so often crime and violence becomes the subject of a moral panic in America. Chiricos examines two moral panics occurring in the early to mid nineties: crack cocaine and violent crime. Both of these stories where covered in much the same way: as inner-city problems leaving the ghettos and threatening the middle-class way of life (63). When this issue was framed as a direct threat to suburban America a moral panic followed. When crime was confined to urban areas and ghettos there was little to worry about until the perception became that crack and violence was spreading into areas that were considered to be safe. During this time 49 percent of Americans then said that crime was the most important issue facing the country compared to only 9 percent before the moral panic began to set in (Chiricos 64). The panic was further compounded by reports that these issues were spreading to children which Chiricos notes is a common component of the rise of a moral panic (65). The reaction to these panics was unsurprising. Panics are viewed as sudden problems and treated with fundamentally inappropriate solutions such as sending more people to prison and building more of them (Chiricos 67). Following moral panics, according to Chiricos, commands are issued by the public (71). The policy ramifications from these moral panics included 9. 7 billion dollars for more prisons, Californias three strikes program, and various repressive laws aimed at adults and children alike in many states (Chiricos 71). These examinations of the medias relationship with public opinion point out how in this age of information the media is an important factor in how we carry out our democracy and decide what issues are important. If this has become the case than there are serious concerns for how the media is serving democracy. Lawrence sees the media as an arena where problems are constructed and there is constant struggle between elites, groups, and the public seek to define and address problems (3). What constitutes a problem is socially constructed. This is also true of crime problems. Lawrence is concerned with how problems are socially constructed in the media because when something is defined as a problem facing the country power is conferred upon the social institutions we would likely look to deal with it (5). So, in the arena of the media if crime is framed by elites as stemming from the degradation of society or loss of opportunities for many people then programs and institutions organized for supporting the poor and communities will be empowered. However, the usual winners in this clash of frames typically define crime as an epidemic problem fueled by a justice system which is too soft on criminals. With this frame politicians must appear tough on crime and power is given to more punitive crime control policies and the prison-industrial complex flourishes as more and more money is spent on warehousing offenders. This further disempowers social welfare institutions as money spent on police and prisons cannot be spent on education, healthcare, or welfare programs. This struggle to define problems can be looked at as a clash of differing realities where vastly different takes on issues exist but one is adopted by the media and then disseminated to the public (Lawrence 5). Lawrence says that the prevailing reality held by the most successful definers typically comes from officials within the government (5). There exists a close relationship between government officials and the news media. They are the primary definers and therefore the strongest factor in how we construct the reality of crime (Lawrence 5). This is unhealthy because, with the issue of crime in particular, officials are quick to define crime as an epidemic issue filled with fearful imagery and then act against criminals in draconian ways. When they construct a reality where they are needed to protect their constituents justice in harmed for the sake of political capital. This manipulation of reality and fear for the sake of power is addressed by Entman but with respect to the war on terror instead of crime and justice. He argues that the elite exert control by hegemony and indexing (4). Hegemony refers to the way officials release only information that supports the narrow reality that they seek to perpetuate and indexing is how the media reflect this narrow debate among elites quite closely (Entman 5). With this control over public perception it is relatively easy for officials to frame issues such as crime or terrorism. When they win the battle to define a problem obvious remedies arise. If terrorism is framed as an attack on our way of life rather than a consequence of our projection of power across the globe then it follows that the remedy is defense and war. Similarly, if elites succeed in defining crime not as a consequence of lost economic opportunities but as a result of naturally deviant personalities then the reaction that follows is to lock up these defective personalities and isolate them from the rest of â€Å"normal† society. The way in which we think about various issues and problems directly affects how we deal with them. Most in society would say that the solution to problems is obvious because it is. What is missed however is the fact that how we think about problems can completely shift the ways in which we deal with them. In order to change policy then the first step is to change the perceptions and the reality surrounding it for officials and the public alike. Lakoff tells us that if we can reframe issues we can create social change (XV). When we change the way the public sees the world, largely through the media, and alter that perceived reality we can change the policies that follow. So why then does the media seem to be so concerned with violent crime and creating feelings of fear and anxiety in its consumers? The reason seems to be sensationalized journalism meant to increase viewership and a system where officials control our perceptions through the media. It needs to be understood that passive consumption of the media is unhealthy and we should think critically about how reality is constructed by elites and the media because, that subjective reality directly affects the solutions that are used to deal with our problems. While so many people are given the impression that crime is rampant the underreported fact is that crime has been decreasing for many years. In order for there to be rational crime control policy in the United States we need to have accurate information about the reality of crime in this country. In order for this to happen the media must provide an accurate depiction of crime that is constructed by a fair debate in the public arena of the media. There is a lot at stake in how we perceive the world around us and how we think about crime and punishment.

Welcome Case Study On WWF

Question: Describe about a Case Study on WWF? Answer: Introduction Personal human resource management is one of the vital activities for the non-profit organizations like WWF. The success of the business depends upon the effectiveness of the human resource planning. Recruitment process for non-profit making organization like WWF has to be designed and implemented in an effective manner. This will enable the organization to recruit the right number of candidates at the right time. The process for human resource management includes planning for the workforce, recruiting, selecting, training, introducing development plans, and defining the appraisal method. Such strategies require exclusive accuracy at the time of planning or executing the task. With the help of the experienced and qualified staffs, the organization would be able to provide the best possible services that are considered to be essential for the conduct of the task. This includes introducing the better methods for recruiting and retaining the staffs or employees for the company (Armstron g, 2009). In order to retain ore recruit the best staff it is necessary to introduce step-by-step analysis for strategic planning. This is exclusively included for selection and recruitment process. In this report the importance of the recruitment and selection process for WWF has been presented in an elaborated manner. This report consists of literature work that highlights the benefits and challenges involved with the selection and recruitment process. Through planning, it is possible to adopt scientific selection method, which enables the organization to introduce the best recruitment process (Boxall. P Purcell, 2003). Literature review The process of recruitment and selection has been defined as a process through which the organization can conduct the search for the suitable candidate to work within the company. In this process, the management also works on finding different methods through which the potential candidates can be encouraged to apply for jobs with WWF. Recruitment and selection process are concurrent to each other. Thus, there has to be an effective strategy through which the task can be executed by the management of the organization. With the help of an effective strategy it is possible for the human resource department of the organization to discover the capable and potential candidate who can handle the challenging tasks within the organization. Thus, the process acts as a like between the job seekers and the available jobs with WWF (British Psychological Society, 2007). Different theories on the human resource management mainly concentrate on adopting the best technique for recruiting and selecting the best candidate. For this, it is essential to introduce an effective method for interviewing and assessment. The assessment procedure includes psychometric examination which enables the company to select the best candidate for the organization. The selection method can be internal or externally associated with the business performance. The selection of the technique completely depends upon the requirement of the company, and the availability of the qualified staffs. In order to select the suitable candidate it is necessary for the management to advertise the details about the job requirements. For this, it is necessary to select the best advertisement procedure. The decision to choose the process completely depends upon the management decision, and the time available for recruiting and training the staffs (Dainty, 2000). WWF is a non-profit making organization. The organization is indulged into different activities through which the quality of lives of animals is improved. For this, it is necessary for the management to select the best procedure through which the deserving candidate can be selected for the organization. Through incisive analysis procedure, it is possible for the company to introduce the best and successful recruitment procedure. In this method, the market condition, interview procedure, and the types of test required for sleeting the deserving candidate has to be defined. The selection procedure again depends upon the job requirements for the company and the availability of the staffs. For this, it is essential to conduct job analysis, through which the emotional intelligence of the individual can be analyzed. This is one or prime important factors through which the challenging tasks involved with the selection and recruitment procedure can be followed (Fajan Sola, 2002). Selection and recruitment process The procedure required to be followed for recruiting and selecting the staffs depends upon different factors. It includes deciding upon the type of interview method, defining the relevance of the role play, and including group discussion. Through this process, the managers of the human resource department would be able to analyze the potentiality of the candidate selected for the job. An effort is made to introduce challenging methods for candidates who have been selected for the jobs. Through this method, it is possible to analyze the ability and potentiality of the individual to perform the task (Godard J. Delaney, 2000).. The role played by the management for introducing selection and recruitment process is quite crucial. In this process, the barriers and other limitations associated with the recruitment process has to be analyzed. Through this process, it would be possible for the management to introduce the best strategies through which the best candidate for the job can be selected. Recruiting new candidates for the company is an expensive affair, and thus the process has to be followed in the best possible manner. In case of insufficient recruitment policy or methods, the organization might face huge challenges that can affect the successful business conduct. In order to overpower the hindrances, it is necessary for the management to analyze the challenges and introduce the best strategies through which the deserving candidate can be recruited (Guest, D. E and King, 2004). It is quite important to define the recruitment and selection process through which the best application can be selected and put through the interview method. The process and the method that is intended to be followed is not a simple task. In this case, the process or the strategy has to be defined. This will help in implementing the best steps through which they require changes for recruiting the best candidate can be introduced. Through board planning method, the organization can plan for the recruitment process and fill in the required workforce. The strategies for the WWF have to be outlined as this will help in selecting the best candidate suitable for the organization (Hunger, T.D and Wheelen, 2003). Job description Job description has to be provided as this will be useful for the potential candidates. After checking on the type of job intended to be performed and the qualification required for executing the same, the potential candidate can apply for the task. Through such process, it is possible to recruit the best candidate who will be suitable for the work. It is also necessary to highlight the features associated with the ethical factors. This would enable the candidate to understand the work atmosphere, and the challenges that is expected to be faced at the time of executing the task. This is one of the reasons, the management of the human resource department introduce psychometric test. Through this process, the management analyzes the ability of the individual to perform different challenging tasks that exists at the workplace. The selection tests is drafted and implemented with an intention of promoting the factors through which the best candidate suitable for the job can be selected an d recruited. Through job description process, it is possible for the management to discuss about the requirements for the job, and discuss the same with the candidates. This would help in the implement one of the corrective measures through which the right steps can be implemented for recruiting the suitable candidate for the company (International Test Commission, 2005) Value added process The selection and the recruitment process are associated with the value added or the non value activities. Both the factors are considered to be essential for the recruitment and selection process. In thus case it is necessary to draft an effective strategy through which the best candidate for the job can be recruited. This is done through strategies manpower planning, which is considered to be necessary for the selection of the deserving candidate for the job. In order to cater the needs of the organization, it is essential for the organization to concentrate on the demand factor, rather than supply system. This is related to the recruitment and the selection procedure that is followed by the organization. Thus, it is necessary to include the below mentioned factors Planning Supervision factors Control system Through such procedure it is possible for the management of the organization to add value to the recruitment system. The price involved at the time of recruiting the suitable candidate has to be analyzed. The prime objective of the organization is to select the best candidate without spending much on the recruitment process. Selection of the process impacts the decision or the tasks that has been decided by the organization. With the help of the skilled and experienced workforce, the management can easily understand different types of challenging works. Through the research work, an attempt is made to analyze the waiting time or the inspection time required for filling in the non-value added tasks. In this process, the expenses associated with the process for advertisement has to be evaluated (Legge, 2001). Companies and organizations dont prefer to spend huge funds on advertising for the recruitment process. For esteemed and highly responsible jobs, the selection process has to be evaluated. Through this process, the time required for recruiting and selection is minimized. This is one of the most important factors, as it would help the management to introduce the corrective steps through which the right type of candidate can be selected for the job. Through effective planning and implementation process, it is possible to reduce on the recruitment costs, which is basically incurred in terms of advertisements. In the similar manner, it is essential to minimize the repetitive work, which impacts the recruitment process and the time required for recruiting and training the quid staffs. Such factors have to be analyzed, as the management cannot afford to waste time and efforts on the recruitment process for the workforce ( Menezes, et al., 2010). HRM approaches Approaches adopted by the human development department for the organization is an important factor. In this process, the objectives or the materialization of the strategies prepared by the management has to be defined. This includes training and different developmental program. Through this process, the management of the organization can introduce the best selection process through which the performance can be improved. At the time of planning for the recruitment process, the labor market and other factors has to be taken into consideration. Thus, the models are developed and implemented to identify the different process for recognizing the applicants through which the selection process can be introduced. Through the process, the organization introduces the best strategies through which the recruitment process can be simplified. It is necessary to develop and implement the best methods for developing the employee relationship. The method selected for developing the social relationshi p has to be identified and implemented in the right manner. This is done to introduce high quality job applicants that are required for handling the job. In this process the process followed for describing the job and other factors are considered to be an essential factor. Through this method, it is possible for the authorities to attract the attention of the job applicants for different levels (Morris, S., Snell, 2010). In this case, the expectations and the values have to be developed. This will help in interacting with the applicants and highlighting the details of the tasks that is intended to be performed. In this case, the opportunity has to be identified the tasks intended to be followed has to be communicated with the members or the staffs. In this case, the expectations of the staffs and others associated with the execution of the task have to be analyzed. This will help in analyzing the challenges that are associated with the execution of the tasks related to the recruitment and selection method. The procedure followed by various companies varies and it depends upon the process that is intended to be adopted by the management. In this case, the challenges involved with the process of selection and recruitment has to be followed. Through this process, the authorities can adopt the best strategies through which the right type of candidate for the job can be selected. The model has to be selec ted after analyzing the expectations or the objectives of the company. In this method the barriers or the limitations involved in the process has to be analyzed. Through the method an attempt is made to recruit the best staffs that are required for the company (Newill S Schackleton, 2000). Reflective The selection and the recruitment process is considered to be quite complex and it depends upon various factors. This is one of the reasons; the authorities undertake different strategies and methods through which the tasks can be accomplished. At the time of selecting the suitable candidate, it is necessary to analyze the objectives of the organization. Through this process, the management would be able to determine the best staff that will be suitable for the task. The selection and the recruitment process have to be planned and the corrective steps needs to be introduced by the authorities. Through this process, it is possible for the management or the authorities to adopt the best methods through which the right type of candidate can be selected for the company. The challenges and the barriers involved in the process of recruitment and selection has to be analyzed. Through this process, it is possible for the authorities to introduce the corrective steps through which the best st affs can be recruited for the position. In this case, the authorities has to draft the best strategies through which the selection process can be done without spending much time on the same. At the time of selecting candidate for nonprofit making organization, it is necessary to analyze the challenges involved with the process. Through this process, it is possible for the management to introduce the best strategies that will help in recruiting the suitable candidate for the post. In this case, the strategies prepared by the management for selection and recruitment process have to be developed and implemented in the right manner. This will help in implementing the best step through which the challenges involved with the selection and recruitment process can be easily handled. Through the decided strategy the company or the organization can prepare the plan for recruiting the suitable candidate. In this process, it is necessary to analyze the job and describe the job. This will help in selecting the suitable candidate who can handle the challenging tasks. The works has to be descried, as this will improve the possible of recruiting the best staff for the company. Policy ad opted by the company from recruitment and selection would be introduced. The strategies have to be analyzed, and the corrective steps have to be introduced in order to recruit the right type of candidate. References Armstrong, M (2009), Handbook of HRM practice, Kogan Page, London and Philadelphia. Boxall. P Purcell. J. (2003), Strategy and Human Resource Management, Palgrave Macmillan, New York. British Psychological Society (2007), Psychological Testing: A users Guide, Psychological Testing Centre, Leicester. Dainty, A. (2000) Improving Employee Sourcing within Construction Organization, Proceedings of the ARCOM 2000 Conference, Glasgow, Vol. 1. Fajan Sola (2002) Human Resource Management, Lagos, Labofin Press Godard J. Delaney J. T. (2000) Reflections on the High Performance Implications for Industrial Relations as a Field, Industrial/Labour Relations Review. Guest, D. E and King, Z (2004), Power, Innovation and Problem Solving: The Personnel Managers Three Steps To Heaven? Journal of Management Studies, 41 (3), pp 401-23 Hunger, T.D and Wheelen, T. (2003) Essentials of Strategic management, New Jersey, Pearson Education Inc. International Test Commission (2005), International Guideline on Computer-based and Internet Delivered Testing, British Psychological society, Leicester. Legge, K. (2001) Silver Bullet or Spent Round? Assessing the Meaning of the High Commitment Management/Performance Relationship in J. Storey (ed) Human Resource Management A Critical Text (2nd ed) Menezes, L. M., Wood, S., Gelade, G. (2010). The integration of human resource and operation management practices and its link with performance: a longitudinal latent class study. Journal of Operations Management, 28(6), 455-471. doi: 10.1016/j.jom.2010.01.002 Morris, S., Snell, S. (2010). The evolution of HR strategy: adaptations to increasing global complexity. In A. Wilkinson, N. Bacon, T. Redman, S. Snell (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of human resource management (pp. 84-99). London: Sage. Newill S Schackleton .V. (2000) Recruitment and Selection, in Bach K Session (eds), Personnel Management (3rd edition) (Pp 111-36). Noe Hollenbeck, Gerhart and Wite (2000), Human Resource Management: Gaining A competitive advantage, 3rd edition McGraw-Hill, Boston. Pilbeam. S Corbridge S, (2002), People Resourcing HRM in Practice, 2/e, Pearson Education Ltd. UK. Robertson, I T and Smith, M (2001), Personnel Selection, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74(4), pp 441-72. Rubino, T., Demo, G., Traldi, M. T. F. (2011, April). As polticas de gesto de pessoas influenciam o bem-estar no trabalho? Proceedings of the Congresso Iberoamericano de Psicologia das Organizaes e do Trabalho, Florianpolis, SC, Brazil, 2 Serpell, A., Ferrada, X. (2007). A competency-based model for construction supervisors in developing countries. Personnel Review, 36(4), 585-602. doi: 10.1108/00483480710752812 Stone, D. L., Stone-Romero, E. F., Lukaszewski, K. (2007). The impact of cultural values on acceptance and effectiveness of human resource management policies and practices. Human Resource Management Review, 17(2), 152-165. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2007.04.003 Subramony, M. (2009). A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between HRM bundles and firm performance. Human Resource Management, 48(5), 745-768. doi: 10.1002/hrm.20315 Syrett, M. (2006), Four Reflections on Developing a Human Capital Measurement Capability, in Whats the Future for Human Capital?, CIPD, London. Turner, R., Huemann, M., Keegan, A. (2008). Human resource management in the project-oriented organization: employee well-being and ethical treatment. The International Journal of Project Management, 26(5), 577-585. doi: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.05.005 Ulrich, D and Brockbank, W (2005). The HR Value Proposition, Harvard Press, Cambridge, MA Uysal, G. (2012). For the development of effective HRM systems: inter-relationships between HRM practices using correlation analysis. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 8(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1504/WREMSD.2012.044483 Winterton, J. (2007). Training, development and competence. In P. Boxall, J. Purcell, P. Wright (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of human resource management (pp. 324-343). New York: Oxford University Press. Wrightt, P.M., Snell, S.A and Jacobson (2004) Current Approaches to Human Resource Strategies Inside-out Versus Outside in Human Resource Planning 27(4), 2-22.

Lung Cancer Essay Research Paper Lung cancer 2 free essay sample

Lung Cancer Essay, Research Paper ? Lung malignant neoplastic disease is an uncontrolled, highly deathly division of cells in the lung? ( World Book, ? Lung Cancer? ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Lung Cancer Essay Research Paper Lung cancer 2 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two major types of lung malignant neoplastic disease include little and non-small cell. Many different hazard factors contribute to lung malignant neoplastic disease. There are legion symptoms that are hard to observe in the early phases of lung malignant neoplastic disease. Doctors use particular machines to observe the badness of each phase. Treatments and remedies differ in each single instance. Lung malignant neoplastic disease is a immense job because it is the taking cause of malignant neoplastic disease decease in both work forces and adult females ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Both little cell and non-small cell lung malignant neoplastic disease affect different types of cells in the lung and spread in different ways. Small cell lung malignant neoplastic disease is limited to a subdivision of the thorax known as the hemithorax and regional lymph nodes ( World Book, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Small cell lung malignant neoplastic disease normally exists early and spreads out suddenly ( Virtual Hospital, 3/23/99 ) . Non-small cell lung malignant neoplastic disease is foremost confined to the lung, so spreads throughout the thorax ( MSKCC, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Small cell lung malignant neoplastic disease spreads rapidly ( World Book, ? Lung Cancer? ) . In the United States 85 to 90 per centum of all lung malignant neoplastic disease instances are related to smoke. Cigarette smoke is the chief cause of lung malignant neoplastic disease ( Scientific American, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Second-hand fume, inhaled by non-smokers, increases a individual? s opportunity of geting lung malignant neoplastic disease ( Beau Halton ) . Work force who smoke increase their opportunity of deceasing from lung malignant neoplastic disease about 23 times and adult females increase their opportunities 13 times ( ? Lung Cancer Awareness Campaign, ? 3/23/99 ) . However, lung malignant neoplastic disease may besides be caused by long term exposure to radon, a of course present radioactive gas ( SIRS, ? What is Cancer? ? ) . The residue of burned crude oil and coal can lend to lung malignant neoplastic disease ( Scientific American, ? Lung Cancer? ) . The development of lung malignant neoplastic disease seems to be besides affected by cistrons. The cistron histid ine three blocks the formation of tumours, so a faulty cistron could do one more likely to organize a tumour ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer? ) . In the early phases of lung malignant neoplastic disease, symptoms are difficult to acknowledge. Symptoms normally include a relentless cough, coughing up blood, weight loss, thorax or shoulder hurting, swelling in the face or cervix, shortness of breath, and a gruff voice ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Repeated instances of pneumonia, a virus in which the lungs become inflamed, or bronchitis, redness of the mucose membrane of the bronchia tubings, may be warning marks for lung malignant neoplastic disease ( Scientific American, ? Lun g Cancer? ) . Bone hurting, concerns, and giddiness are observations that the lung malignant neoplastic disease has spread ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer? ) . New engineering is used on patients when a doctor suspects lung malignant neoplastic disease. Chest X raies are used to analyze the lungs for tumours ( World Book, ? Lung Cancer? ) . A CAT scan, series of x-ray images put together by a computing machine, is besides performed ( Scientific American, ? Lung Cancer? ) . During a biopsy, a physician removes a little sum of tissue and examines it. A microscope is used to analyse cells in order to find whether a tumour is malignant, be givening to turn and distribute throughout the organic structure ( MSKCC, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Treatment depends on the type of lung malignant neoplastic disease, the size of the tumour, the location of the tumour, the phase of unwellness, the age of the patient, and the overall wellness of the patient ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer ) . Surgery is performed to take the tumour if there is no opportunity that the malignant neoplastic disease has spread ( Scientific American, ? Lung Cancer? ) . If the disease has spread, so intervention will frequently include radiation therapy and chemotherapy ( MSKCC, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Radiation therapy is based on the usage of ionising radiation to destruct cancerous cells ( Microsoft, ? Radiology? ) . Chemotherapy is intervention of a disease utilizing drugs that straight poison the disease being ( Microsoft, ? Chemotherapy? ) . Early phase non-small cell lung malignant neoplastic diseases are best treated surgically and subsequently present non-small cell lung malignant neoplastic diseases are best treated with either chemotherapy, radiation th erapy, or a combination of the two ( Virtual Hospital, 3/23/99 ) . For little cell lung malignant neoplastic diseases, chemotherapy by itself or with radiation therapy is used alternatively of surgery ( Scientific American? Lung Cancer? ) . Approximately 152,700 people die each twelvemonth on history of the colossal lung malignant neoplastic disease job ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Small and non-small cell lung malignant neoplastic diseases are the two chief types of lung malignant neoplastic disease. White males turn out to be the most affected from lung malignant neoplastic disease. High-fat diets and tobacco users with household histories of heavy smoke are important factors lending to lung malignant neoplastic disease ( Beau Halton ) . More than two million American tobacco users have died from smoking-related lung malignant neoplastic disease since 1964, when the Surgeon General released the first study on smoking and wellness ( ? Lung Cancer Awareness Campaign, ? 3/23/99 ) . Smoke is shown to be the primary cause of lung malignant neoplastic disease and people still take to smoke. The great bulk of lung malignant neoplastic disease instances could be prevented and 1000s of lives could be saved each twelvemonth if people quit smoke ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer ) .

History and Origins of Thanksgiving Day

History and Origins of Thanksgiving Day Almost every culture in the world has celebrations of thanks for a plentiful harvest. The legend of the American Thanksgiving holiday is said to have been based on a feast of thanksgiving in the early days of the American colonies almost four hundred years ago. The tale as it is told in grade schools is a legend, a mythologized version that downplays some of the bleaker history of how Thanksgiving became an American national holiday. The Legend of the First Thanksgiving In 1620, the legend goes, a boat filled with more than one hundred people sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to settle in the New World. This religious group had begun to question the beliefs of the Church of England and they wanted to separate from it. The Pilgrims settled in what is now the state of Massachusetts. Their first winter in the New World was difficult. They had arrived too late to grow many crops, and without fresh food, half the colony died from disease. The following spring, the Wampanoag Iroquois Indians taught them how to grow corn (maize), a new food for the colonists. They showed them other crops to grow in the unfamiliar soil and how to hunt and fish. In the autumn of 1621, bountiful crops of corn, barley, beans, and pumpkins were harvested. The colonists had much to be thankful for, so a feast was planned. They invited the local Iroquois chief and 90 members of his tribe. The Native Americans brought deer to roast with the turkeys and other wild game offered by the colonists. The colonists learned how to cook cranberries and different kinds of corn and squash dishes from the Indians. In following years, many of the original colonists celebrated the autumn harvest with a feast of thanks. A Harsher Reality However, in fact, the Pilgrims werent the first immigrants to celebrate a day of thanksgiving- that probably belongs to the Popham colony of Maine, who celebrated the day of their arrival in 1607. And the Pilgrims didnt celebrate every year afterward. They did celebrate the arrival of supplies and friends from Europe in 1630; and in 1637 and 1676, the Pilgrims celebrated the defeats of the Wampanoag neighbors. The celebration in 1676 was memorable because, at the end of the feast, the rangers sent to defeat the Wampanoag brought back the head of their leader Metacom, who was known by his adopted English name King Philip, on a pike, where it was kept on display in the colony for 20 years. The holiday continued as a tradition in New England, however, celebrated not with a feast and family, but rather with rowdy drunken men who went door to door begging for treats. Thats how many of the original American holidays were celebrated: Christmas, New Years Eve and Day, Washingtons birthday, the 4th of July. Historians believe that there are two connections between the festival held in Plymouth colony and what we celebrate today. Those are a collective and cleaned-up national memory, which arose in the 18th century after the Revolutionary War established a new nation; and in the mid-19th century when that nation came perilously close to breaking, an editor provided a weary Abraham Lincoln an idea to attempt to unify that nation. A New Nations Celebration By the mid-18th century, the rowdy behavior had become a carnivalesque misrule that was closer to what we think of as Halloween or Mardi Gras today. An established mummers parade made up of cross-dressing men, known as the Fantasticals, began by the 1780s: it was considered a more acceptable behavior than the drunken rowdiness. It could be said that these two institutions are still part of Thanksgiving Day celebrations: rowdy men (Thanksgiving Day football games, established in 1876), and elaborate mummer parades (Macys Parade, established in 1924). After the United States became an independent country, Congress recommended one yearly day of thanksgiving for the whole nation to celebrate. In 1789, George Washington suggested the date November 26 as Thanksgiving Day. Later presidents were not so supportive: for example, Thomas Jefferson thought that for the government to proclaim a quasi-religious holiday was a violation of the separation of church and state. Before Lincoln, only two other presidents proclaimed a Thanksgiving Day: John Adams and James Madison. Inventing Thanksgiving In 1846, Sarah Josepha Hale, the editor of Godeys magazine, published the first of many editorials encouraging the celebration of the Great American Festival. She hoped it would be a unifying holiday that would help avert a civil war. In 1863, in the middle of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln asked all Americans to set aside the last Thursday in November as a day of thanksgiving. In the midst of a civil war of unequaled magnitude and severity, which has sometimes seemed to foreign states to invite and to provoke their aggression, peace has been preserved... The year that is drawing towards its close has been filled with the blessings of fruitful fields and healthful skies... No human counsel hath devised nor hath any mortal hand worked out these great things. They are the gracious gifts of the Highest God... It has seemed to me fit and proper that these gifts should be solemnly, reverently, and gratefully acknowledged as with one heart and voice by the whole American people; I do, therefore, invite my fellow-citizens in every part of the United States, and also those who are at sea, and those who are sojourning in foreign lands, to set apart and observe the last Thursday of November next as a Day of Thanksgiving and a Prayer to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the heavens.  (Abraham Lincoln, October 3,1863) Symbols of Thanksgiving The Thanksgiving Day of Hale and Lincoln was a domestic event, a day of family homecoming, a mythical and nostalgic idea of the hospitality, civility and happiness of the American family. The purpose of the festival was no longer a communal celebration, but rather a domestic event, carving out a sense of national identity and welcoming home family members. Homey domestic symbols traditionally served at Thanksgiving festivals include: Turkey, corn (or maize), pumpkins and cranberry sauce are symbols which represent the first Thanksgiving. These symbols are frequently seen on holiday decorations and greeting cards.The use of corn meant the survival of the colonies. Indian corn as a table or door decoration represents the harvest and the fall season.Sweet-sour cranberry sauce, or cranberry jelly, was on  the first Thanksgiving  table and is still served today. The cranberry is a small, sour berry. It grows in bogs, or muddy areas, in Massachusetts and other New England states.The Native Americans used the fruit to treat infections. They used the juice to dye their rugs and blankets. They taught the colonists how to cook the berries with sweetener and water to make a sauce. The Indians called it ibimi which means bitter berry. When the colonists saw it, they named it crane-berry because the  flowers  of the berry bent the stalk over, and it resembled the long-necked bird called a crane.The berries are still g rown in New England. Very few people know, however, that before the berries are put in bags to be sent to the rest of the country, each individual berry must bounce at least four inches high to make sure they are not too ripe! Native Americans and Thanksgiving In 1988, a Thanksgiving ceremony of a different kind took place at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. More than four thousand people gathered on Thanksgiving night. Among them were Native Americans representing tribes from all over the country and descendants of people whose ancestors had migrated to the New World. The ceremony was a public acknowledgment of the Indians role in the first Thanksgiving 350 years ago. Until recently most schoolchildren believed that the Pilgrims cooked the entire Thanksgiving feast, and offered it to the Indians. In fact, the feast was planned to thank the Indians for teaching them how to cook those foods. Without the Indians, the first settlers would not have survived: and, furthermore, the Pilgrims and the rest of European America have done their level best to eradicate what were our neighbors. We celebrate Thanksgiving along with the rest of America, maybe in different ways and for different reasons. Despite everything thats happened to us since we fed the Pilgrims, we still have our language, our culture, our distinct social system. Even in a nuclear age, we still have a tribal people.  -Wilma Mankiller, Principal chief of the Cherokee nation. Updated by Kris Bales Sources Adamczyk, Amy. On Thanksgiving and Collective Memory: Constructing the American Tradition. Journal of Historical Sociology 15.3 (2002): 343–65. Print.Lincoln, Abraham. A Proclamation by the President of the United States of America. Harper’s Weekly October 17 1863. History Now, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.Pleck, Elizabeth. The Making of the Domestic Occasion: The History of Thanksgiving in the United States. Journal of Social History 32.4 (1999): 773–89. Print.Siskind, Janet. The Invention of Thanksgiving: A Ritual of American Nationality. Critique of Anthropology 12.2 (1992): 167–91. Print.Smith, Andrew F. The First Thanksgiving. Gastronomica 3.4 (2003): 79–85. Print.