2015 2016 Full Review of All SAT Test Dates

2015 2016 Full Review of All SAT Test Dates SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips We go through exact SAT test dates for 2015 and 2016 for freshman, sophomores, juniors, and seniors, and tell you the advantage ofeach testing date. I’ll break it down date-by-date and class-by-class so you can easily figure out the best time for you to take the test. Fall 2015 October 3rd, 2015 Freshmen and Sophomores It’s probably not worth it for you to take the test on this date, especially because the new SAT comes out in 2016, and taking this SAT is only going to provide partially relevant practice. Juniors We recommend that you take the SAT for the first time your junior fall, and this is the ideal date to do it. This date is also the first one after the summer, so it’s a good time to take the test and see whether your summer studying has paid off. Seniors This is an ideal date for seniors as well,especially if you’re applying early decision to colleges.Also, you’ll find out your results on October 22nd, which gives you enough time to study for the test date in December if you’re still unsatisfied and are applying regular decision. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? QAS If you don’t know what these are, they're services the College Board offers for you to review your scores on the SAT more thoroughly (read more about them here).Some test dates offer the QAS and some offer the SAS. The QAS is more in-depth, so I will list which service is offered for each date in case some of you want to pick a date that allows you to order the QAS. November 7th, 2015 Freshmen and Sophomores Don’t take the test on this date. You’ll be taking the new SAT in 2016, and the old SAT will only provide partially relevant practice. Juniors This is one of your last chances to take the old SAT, so it’s a good date for you.You will still have the January test date to take the old SAT again if you don’t do well (you’re not going to have much time to react in between getting your scores back and the December test date). Seniors On the whole,you shouldn’t bother with this test date. You won’t get your scores for November back in time to study much for the December test, so you should just wait and take that one. You might take the November SAT as a senior if you’re really intent on getting better scores on different sections for superscoring, and you’re going to take the December test regardless of your November scores (great!).You might also take it if you didn’t take the SAT in October and are applying Early Decision to colleges.November test scores are the latest scores that most schools accept from Early Decision applicants. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? SAS December 5th, 2015 Freshmen and Sophomores Again, you probably don’t want to take the test on this date because it’s still going to be the old SAT. Juniors You might be better off waiting for the January test date so you’ll have more time to study in between taking the SAT for the first time in the fall and your next attempt.The January test date is still offering the old SAT. Seniors This is a prime test date for seniors.It's probably your last chance to take the SAT and submit your scores to colleges.Many schools (including Stanford) don’t accept scores from test dates later than December. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? SAS This is the perfect time to coerce your friends and family into bringing you lots of cookies because you're studying so hard. Winter and Spring 2016 January 23rd, 2016 Freshmen and Sophomores It’s still going to be the old SAT, so the advice for the dates before this stands. Your time will come, young ones. Juniors This is your last chance to take the old SAT, so it’s a good date for you!It will also be after your holiday break, so you will have had a nice chunk of time to devote to studying. Seniors This could be a fallback test date for seniors.Make sure the colleges you’re applying to accept scores from test dates this late before you decide to take the SAT. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? QAS March 5th, 2016 Look out world, the new SAT is HERE! Freshmen and Sophomores Finally, the moment you’ve been waiting for has arrived.You would be smart to take the test on this date to get familiar with the new format. After you take it, you’ll have the whole summer to review your scores and study in an informed way. Juniors Don’t necessarily aim for this test date.You can take the new SAT in March if you want, but it might be better to hold off until later so you'll have more time to study and better study materials are available. Seniors Not applicable! Woo! Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? SAS May 7th, 2016 Freshmen and Sophomores Just like with the March date, it could be a good idea for you to take the new SAT here to get a feel for what it’s like. Juniors Again, you should probably hold off.Since the new SAT is so, well, â€Å"new†, most test prep resources are not up to speed on what you need to know. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? QAS June 4th, 2016 Freshmen and Sophomores This could also be a good date for you to check out the new SAT. You should probably go for a date earlier in the spring though because you don’t want to be taking the SAT at the same time as finals for your regular classes. Juniors You still might want to wait until the fall to take the new SAT.A lot of test prep materials for the new SAT will come out in the summer of 2016, so you'll have better resources to prepare if you wait it out. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? SAS Special Sneak Peek: October 2016 All Years This will be a good test date for everyone!By this time, lots of great prep materials for the new SAT will have come out, and you will have had the whole summer to study them.Go forth and conquer this new frontier. Fulfill your maniTEST destiny. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? QAS What's Next? Find out which exact dates you want to choose with our Table of 2015-2016 SAT Test Dates. Know which SAT test date you're going to pick? Get your studying started with these plans for sophomores and juniors, seniors, and a complete plan for everyone. You should also figure out your target SAT score and decide how long you'll need to study for the test. Check out our tips for getting high scores on every section of the SAT so you can make the most of your studying! Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. 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Free Essays on Explain CSL.’s Distinction Between ‘need-love’ And ‘gift-love’.

In the introduction to The Four Loves, C.S. Lewis introduces the idea of love into two distinct sections of ‘need-love’ and ‘gift-love’. Human love can be defined as love just as long as it resembles the Love which is God. Lewis states, â€Å"I still think that if all we mean by our love is a craving to be loved, we are in a very deplorable state.† (p. 2). To love is to do so unconditionally without the intention of receiving the same emotion back in return. Gift-love is a supernatural emotion that is given freely. Lewis gave an example of ‘gift-love’ as being, â€Å"...that love which moves a man to work and plan and save for the future well-being of his family which he will die without sharing or seeing...† (p. 1). The parent is attempting to give the child all that he has to offer through his unending determination to make the child happy without the cause to expect something back in return. â€Å"Our Gift-loves are really God-like; and amongst our Gift-loves those are most God-like which are most boundless and unwearied in giving,† as expressed by Lewis. (p. 8) The gift of love is a single sided action that is given just as God gives his love to his people without the intent of a returning action. Need-love is based on the fact that in reality people do need one another and it is not in man’s best interest to be alone. Lewis explains, â€Å"We need others physically, emotionally, intellectually; we need them if we are to know anything, even ourselves.† (p. 2) Need-love however should not be confused with selfishness because a frightened child who runs to the arms of his mother for comfort is not committing a selfish act. Need-love can further be described as man’s love for God which is entirely based on the individuals love to be in the presence of the feeling of one’s God. Lewis further states, â€Å"Thus one Need-love, the greatest of all, either coincides with or at least makes a main ingredient in manï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Explain CSL.’s Distinction Between ‘need-love’ And ‘gift-love’. Free Essays on Explain CSL.’s Distinction Between ‘need-love’ And ‘gift-love’. In the introduction to The Four Loves, C.S. Lewis introduces the idea of love into two distinct sections of ‘need-love’ and ‘gift-love’. Human love can be defined as love just as long as it resembles the Love which is God. Lewis states, â€Å"I still think that if all we mean by our love is a craving to be loved, we are in a very deplorable state.† (p. 2). To love is to do so unconditionally without the intention of receiving the same emotion back in return. Gift-love is a supernatural emotion that is given freely. Lewis gave an example of ‘gift-love’ as being, â€Å"...that love which moves a man to work and plan and save for the future well-being of his family which he will die without sharing or seeing...† (p. 1). The parent is attempting to give the child all that he has to offer through his unending determination to make the child happy without the cause to expect something back in return. â€Å"Our Gift-loves are really God-like; and amongst our Gift-loves those are most God-like which are most boundless and unwearied in giving,† as expressed by Lewis. (p. 8) The gift of love is a single sided action that is given just as God gives his love to his people without the intent of a returning action. Need-love is based on the fact that in reality people do need one another and it is not in man’s best interest to be alone. Lewis explains, â€Å"We need others physically, emotionally, intellectually; we need them if we are to know anything, even ourselves.† (p. 2) Need-love however should not be confused with selfishness because a frightened child who runs to the arms of his mother for comfort is not committing a selfish act. Need-love can further be described as man’s love for God which is entirely based on the individuals love to be in the presence of the feeling of one’s God. Lewis further states, â€Å"Thus one Need-love, the greatest of all, either coincides with or at least makes a main ingredient in manï ¿ ½...

Why do many small businesses fail Research Paper

Why do many small businesses fail - Research Paper Example From these Small Businesses are considered to be the most important economical contributors with respect to their social impact, and employment and innovation opportunities. In the US especially the perception of the small business owner is tied inexplicably to the ideals of hard work leading to success and the importance of the individual. Before verifying any such claims or talking in-depth about the problems and opportunities present for this sector, one must first define ‘Small Business’. While researchers provide their own specific parameters and variables for defining the term â€Å"There is no inherent definition of a "small" business.† (Priest 2003). For the US market, any business having 500 or less employees is considered a small business, with a significant amount of these having less than 20 workers. But the advantages associated with small businesses in general like more flexibility, an innovative environment, enhancing of entrepreneurial skills etc c annot be fully realized even in the relatively smaller size of 500 workers. For the purpose of this paper, the following description coined by the Wiltshire Committee (Australia) will be considered the standard for a small business â€Å"A business in which one or two persons are required to make all the critical management decisions: finance, accounting, personnel, purchasing, processing or servicing, marketing, selling, without the aid of internal specialists and with specific knowledge in only one or two functional areas† (1971). The decision about the ideal firm size in the economy is usually determined by the relationship between managerial efficiencies (costs) and market transaction costs- if a small person team can perform efficiently in a small market while keeping their transaction costs low the small business model will be suitable to them. From an academic point of view claims about the social and economic importance have to be empirically proved before any further discussion can be built upon them. At this time, there are no clear normative grounds which substantiate the claims about the significant contribution of Small businesses to overall revenue and employment generation (Priest, 2003); at the most the contributions are equal to that provided by large conglomerates and corporations. However, the rate of failure of small businesses is still a cause of concern for academics and professionals alike because there are some specific proven benefits associated with small businesses with cannot be provided by large firms working on economies of scale and mass production. These pertain to particularized customer demands in small demand markets; a small size market with demands for personalization can only be met by smaller businesses and the society benefits from the increased welfare provided by choice. Failure of the Small business is an accepted phenomenon in the market. In a study done by  Inc.  magazine and the National Business Incubat or Association (NBIA) Statistics it was shown that  80% of new businesses fail within their first year. According to the Small Business Association In 2002, an estimated 550,100 new businesses were established in the U.S., while an estimated 584,000 closed their doors for good bringing the growth rate of small businesses to negative. From those that survive the first year, 8 out of 10 new businesses fail within the first three years. (Mason, 2012). This trend is not associated with US alone; studies in diverse nations like South Africa, Australia, UK, South East Asia have shown the same. The reasons behind these failures can be broadly categorized into External and Internal factors. External factors are those which can only be

Reality Tv Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Reality Tv - Research Paper Example Media plays a great role in keeping the society updated on current issues and entertainment among other benefits to the society, but it can turn to be disastrous when ethical issues are not well considered. Media could promote pornography, propaganda and false/doctored information, which promote culture rot and immorality among other negative societal traits (Kieran, 39). Ethics applies in different areas in the media industry, and each country has established ethical guidelines to guide each media personality depending on the type of interaction he/she have with the audience. Media personalities in their profession must understand the prevailing ethical and legal guidelines in the industry. They act as the eye or mind openers of the society. They are required to inform the society on the current occurrences or happenings in the economical, political, entertainment, religion, Educational, governance and health among other societal issues. The majority of the media personalities are t he role models or mentors to several individuals, more so the teenagers, who are likely to take over media personalities’ dress style, walk style and language among other issues. It would be better if the media personalities consider some ethics in the career to mentor or encourage development of responsible and respective society members. It is worth mentioning that media is among the most complex careers, due to the nature of interaction it has with the public. Everyone is always watching eager to learn the current happenings, any slightest mistake or misconduct may compromise their respect and relationship with the public. News manipulation forms one of the ethical issues in the media industry. It is the omission or alterations of some elements in the news in favors of certain individuals or community. This is common with politics where some political aspirants or leaders may use his/her power or office to influence whatever is being conveyed to the public. Some media comp anies may also manipulate media content on some bribes or tokens by the wealthy and influential political class. Although there is no specific law describing certain consequences to such act, but a company may lose the public trust. Some external stakeholders like advertising companies or agencies may cut their links and deals with such media company. Social researchers more so in developing nations indicate that major civil and international wars have been caused by the manipulation or doctoring of the actual facts. The audience or viewers will have no time to evaluate the news or any other media content but take to the streets and cause havoc. Manipulating the news is more about telling lies to the public and this is demoralizing. Some of the modern media companies do not observe certain international media ethical standards. The advancement of technology implies some life changes like dress code, entertainment as well as relationships among other aspects of human life. Media pers onalities hardly consider their career ethics so long as their audience is entertained or contented. Modern ladies in the media companies wear short and sex appealing uncomfortable dresses to keep the male audience attracted. This may be appealing to the younger generation unlike older adults who appreciate good morals. Media personalit

650 questions 3 and 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

650 questions 3 and 4 - Assignment Example This method is the best since it considers the time value of money, incorporates all the future cash flows, and has clear criteria of how to decide whether to invest in the project. (Drake & Fabozzi, 2002) Besides, the rate used in discounting is the cost of capital which can be determined with certainty rather than being assumed. Drake & Fabozzi (2002) further underscores that in as much as the internal rate of return (IRR) is a good way of making an investment decision; it is a bit complex and sometimes results into conflicting results. IRR measures the expected rate of the investments that is made by an investor. In instances that the cash flows are both negative and positive, IRR has led to the determination of more than one rate of return thus making it difficult for an investor to make informed and profitable decisions. It should however be noted that in as much as the modified internal rate of return (MIRR) can be used where IRR is improper, MIRR is more complex and cannot be easily understood by those without financial knowledge. NPV thus remains a simple method of making investment appraisal that will certainly help maximize shareholders returns. To ensure that the limited resources are placed in the most profitable investments, the need for capital budgeting cannot be overemphasized. The use of the various investment appraisal methods have been exploited to help make capital budgeting decisions. Most importantly, NPV approach has been lauded as the best method of helping make capital decisions. Nonetheless, NPV alone is not sufficient since other important decisions affecting projects profitability cannot be easily determined by the use of this approach. Sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, and Monte Carlo simulations have further been used to analyze the returns arising from investment portfolios. When using sensitivity analysis in making capital decisions, investors get to determine the extent to which a change in a specific cost

Otto Hahn: Biography

Otto Hahn: Biography Otto Hahn By Eli Biedenbender Otto Hahn was a brilliant german chemist, who was regarded as â€Å"the father of nuclear chemistry† for his work in radiochemistry and radioactivity. He also was a great political activist fully against future testing or use of the nuclear weapons. Otto was the son of a prosperous glazier and entrepreneur Glasbau Hahn and his wife Charlotte Hahn. Otto was born in south Germany (Frankfurt am Main) on March 8th 1879. He was the youngest of the family and had three brothers Karl, Heiner and Julius. Ottos started to have an interest in chemistry at the age of 15 but his father wanted him to become an architect, but he ended up going to University of Marburg for chemistry. He began to study chemistry and mineralogy with side interest in philosophy and physics. Later in his college career Otto drops some physics and science related classes in favor of art and philosophy. During his college years he was in a student fraternity which is a forerunner of todays Nibelungia Fraternity an d he graduated with his doctorate in 1901. After graduation Otto does a year of military service and comes back to the university to work as a chemistry leacture assassist with hopes of going into industry, but after two years he moved to London to learn english and do research with Sir WIlliam Ramsay. While with Ramsay, Otto was purifying a crude radium and discovered a new radioactive substance, which he called radiothorium. Excited by his early success and encouraged by Ramsay, he decided to continue with research on radioactivity rather than go into industry. With Ramsay’s support he obtained a post at the University of Berlin. Before taking it up, he decided to spend several months in Montreal with Ernest Rutherford to gain further experience with radioactivity. After returning to Germany, Hahn was joined by Lise Meitner, an Austrian-born physicist, and five years later they moved to the new Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry. There Hahn became head of a small, independent department of radiochemistry. Otto met his wife to be, Edith Junghans, an art student at the Kà ¶nigliche Kunstschule (Royal Academy of Art) in Berlin. The couple married in Ediths native city of Stettin, on 22 March 1913. Sadly World War I started the year after their marriage. REsulting in Hahn have to go to war. Otto was enlisted to a regiment, that was focused on the development of chemical warfare. In the regiment he worked with James Franck and Gustav Hertz, under the direction of Fritz Haber. Otto’s unit created and tested poison gas that was produced for military purposes. In December 1916, Hahn was transferred out of the front lines back to Berlin, where he was able to resume his radiochemical research. After the war, Hahn devoted himself to his work on radioactivity and with Meitner’s help, they were among the first to isolate protactinium-231, an isotope of a recently discovered (at that time) radioactive element protactinium. Otto then devoted the next 12 years of his career to study us efulness of radioactive methods to solve chemical problems. On February 1921, Otto finally published his first report on the discovery of uranium Z (later known as Pa 234 ), the first example of nuclear isomerism, this became a huge principle after Otto’s time when nuclear physics started getting more attention. In 1934 Hahn found the work of Enrico Fermi, which found that when the heaviest natural element, uranium, is hit by neutrons, several radioactive â€Å"daughter† molecules are created. Fermi’s results stated that artificial elements were formed that were comparable uranium. Hahn, Meitner and Strassmann repeated Fermi’s experiment and obtained results that were comparable with Fermi’s results but as the team did more trails, the data got worse. The Hahn group did discover that multiple isotopes of four elements resulted from the fission of uranium and that those elements had atomic numbers of 93 through 96.This was later was found to be wron g. Hahn’s group was the first scientists to calculate the half-life of U 239 which also proved chemically that it is an isotope of U. They were unable to identify the decay product of 239 U and continue this work to its fruition. The decay product is neptunium but this task was completed later by Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson. In the year 1938 Meitner fled Germany to escape the persecution of the Jews, but Hahn and Strassmann stayed and continued the research. Hahn was her secret supporter gave her a diamond ring he had inherited from his mother, to be used to bribe the frontier guards if required. In late 1938 Hahn and Strassmann found isotopes of an alkaline earth metal in the by-products produced from a nuclear reactions. The metal was found to be organic barium salt. Finding an alkaline earth metal in the results did not fit with the other elements found but was a major step in their research. Hahn though that the by-product could be radium radium, produced from tw o alpha-particles coming away from the uranium nucleus. At the time, Hahn thought it had to be radium because even two alpha particles coming away from the nucleus from this process was considered very unlikely. So the idea of uranium losing ~100 neutrons and turning into barium was seen as impossible. During a trip to Copenhagen, Hahn mentioned these results to well known scientists Niels Bohr and Lise Meitner. Using his colleagues advice he refined the experiment which lead him to the results he was looking for. On December 1938 his experiment a radium-barium-mesothorium-fractionation as Otto called it was performed and produced three isotopes that were observed as barium instead of the expected radium. This gave Otto the evidence he needed. In 1938 Hahn mailed Meitner a report of his findings. She developed an explanation to the results and together they named it nuclear fission. Lise Meitner and her nephew, a physicist Otto Robert Frisch, came to the same conclusion and worked o ut the basic calculations of nuclear fission, which was officially coined by Frisch, and became globally known. Over the following months, two articles were published that explained and had experimental proof on the nuclear fission written by Frisch and Meitner. In their second publication they talked about uranium fission which they called Uranspaltung. This article predicted the freeing of additional neutrons during the fission process, which Frà ©dà ©ric Joliot and his team proved to be chain reaction. During the war and around 1945, Otto Hahn together with his assistants had a list of 25 elements and about 100 isotopes whose existence he had demonstrated through his experiments. The disastrous implications of this discovery were realized by scientists before the outbreak of World War II, and a group was formed in Germany to study possible military developments. Much to Hahn’s relief, he was allowed to continue with his own researches free of military interference.At the end of World War II in 1945 Hahn was suspected of working on the German nuclear energy project to develop an atomic bomb, but his only connection was the discovery of fission; he did not work on the program. In April 1945, Hahn and nine leading German physicists were taken into custody by the Alsos Mission and taken to Cambridge, England, from 3 July 1945 to 3 January 1946. While they were there, the German scientists learned of the dropping of the American atom bombs on Japan. Hahn took this very bad, as he felt that because he had discovered nuclear fission he shared responsibility for the death and suffering of tens of thousands of innocent Japanese people. Early in January 1946, the group was allowed to return to Germany. While he was in England he was told that they awarded him the Nobel Prize for 1944. The Nobel of 1944 was for chemistry, Otto’s discovery of the fission of heavy atomic nuclei. From 1948 to 1960 Otto Hahn was the founding President of the newly formed Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, which through his tireless activity and his worldwide respected personality succeeded in being renown in the the scientific community. Although now aged and retired, he was still a vigorous man; a lifelong mountaineer, he maintained physical fitness during the enforced stay in England by a daily run. On his return to Germany he was elected president of the former Kaiser Wilhelm Society and became a respected public figure, a spokesman for science, and a friend of Theodor Heuss, the first president of the Federal Republic of Germany. Otto campaigned against further development and testing of nuclear weapons. In January 1958, Otto Hahn, together with his friend Albert Schweitzer signed the Pauling Appeal to the United Nations in New York for the immediate conclusion of an international agreement to stop the testing of nuclear weapons, and in October, he signed t he international Agreement to call a meeting to draw up a world constitution on the issue of nuclear weapons. He never tired of warning urgently of the dangers of the nuclear arms race between the great powers and of the radioactive contamination that would lead to the destruction of the planet. Honours came to him from all sides; in 1966 he, Meitner, and Strassmann shared the prestigious Enrico Fermi Award. As well as Hahn was also repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by a number of international organizations but never got a second one. This period of his life was saddened, when, their only child, Hanno, born in 1922, which became a distinguished art historian and architectural researcher, who was also known for his discoveries in the early Cistercian architecture of the 12th century. In August 1960, while on a study trip in France, Dr Hanno Hahn was involved in a fatal car accident, together with his wife and assistant Ilse Hahn, leaving a 14 year old son. The loss of h is only son devastated him and his wife never recovered from the shock. Hahn died in 1968, after a fall; his wife outlived him by only two weeks. Hahns death did not stop his popularity, proposals were made at many different times, that the newly synthesized element no. 105 should be named hahnium in Hahns honor. But, sadly it did not go through and was named hassium after it’s finders. Also In 1964 the only European nuclear-powered civilian ship, the freighter NS Otto Hahn, was named in his honor. Many cities and districts in the German-speaking countries have secondary schools, streets, squares and bridges throughout Europe bearing Otto’s name. More than twenty states worldwide have honored Otto Hahn by issuing coins, medals or stamps with his portrait. References: Wikipedia.org ,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn ( 16 Oct 2014) Otto Hahn Biographical. Nobelprize.org. 16 Oct 2014. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1944/hahn-bio.html> â€Å"Chemistry in history† ChemHeritage.org http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/atomic-and-nuclear-structure/hahn-meitner-strassman.aspx (16 Oct 2014)

Write about the ways in which Charles Dickens presented the female :: Free Essay Writer

Write about the ways in which Charles Dickens presented the female characters in Great Expectations Charles Dickens was born on the 7th February 1812. He is known as one of the greatest writer of his time, creating classics that are still appreciated to this day. Surprisingly he had very little education and taught himself. At a young age Dickens was interested in becoming a reporter and writing and as well as writing fiction, he edited a weekly journal for twenty years. Dickens died on 9th June 1870, at the age of 58. The novel Great Expectations was first published in 1861. The novel was first published in a weekly magazine in several different parts and when finally finished it was published as a book. As it was serialised there were many cliff hangers leaving the reader wanting to read on. It is about Pip who is orphaned at birth, he lives with his strict sister and her husband, a blacksmith. His fate takes a new course when he is summoned to meet Miss Havisham, a rich lady driven to the edge of sanity after being jilted at the altar. Pip slowly becomes infatuated with Miss Havisham's adopted daughter Estella and his hopes of winning her are boosted when he learns that someone has left him a generous amount of money. The story takes some great twists; the three main female characters are Mrs Joe Gargery, Miss Havisham, and Estella, all which are portrayed differently in the novel. The Victorian period was extremely different; the hierarchical system was much more important, and at the time the novel was written there were many controversial political issues. At the time the novel was published rarely did women have an education or work. Charles Dickens depicted men and women as existing within different social spaces. With the exception of Estella, who travels from Satis House to London, all of Dickens's female characters are contained within the home. Women were stereotyped as housewives, and did not have much control over their own lives as women were seen to be owned by their husbands. In Great Expectations we can see how the women who fit Dickens' ideas were rewarded with happy lives, usually in the form of marriage, like Biddy. On the other hand, the women who did not conform to these ideas were punished in one way or another. Even though not all of Dickens' attitudes reflected what was typical of the period, many did. Great Expectations is a reflection of those attitudes that were most likely encouraged by the women in his life. The female characters physical appearance plays a big part, as it